Fantasia and Variations on a Scottish Folksong, Op. 40 – Fernando Sor (1778-1839)
Presented in a common fashion, this theme and variations piece begins with an andante opening, ending on the dominant chord which leads to the theme. The theme is Scottish, and noticeably so with the “scotch snaps” that are presented in the rhythm. This is followed by three variations and a short coda at the end.
Prelude from Lute Suite in Am, (orig. Gm) BWV 995 – J.S. Bach (1685-1750) Arr. Frank Koonce
The lute suite BWV 995 was first written as the fifth Cello Suite around 1720 and arranged around 1727-1731. An autograph manuscript of the arrangement (Bach’s own) has survived. However, the range extends beyond that of a normal thirteen-course lute, so it is thought to possibly have been arranged for a fourteen-course lute or a lute-harpsichord. The Prelude is written in the French style with a slow opening characterized by scalar passages, dotted rhythms, and ornaments, followed by a lengthy fugue.
Two Nocturnes – Alex Stein (b. 1983)
I. Flowing
II. Slowly, dreamily
Tonight’s performer had the fortunate opportunity of meeting the composer of this piece at the Bowdoin International Music Festival during the Summer of 2009, and of performing this great work for guitar while there. The first nocturne consists of constantly shifting harmonies and time signatures, compounded with smooth, flowing melodies. It is full of character, presented in ABA form, and has a short coda at the end. The second is much different in nature, beginning with slow, drawn out chords and melodic lines. The middle section picks up the pace for a while, leading up to chords which are played with a “wild rasgueado.” These transition into a short, tremolo section, before the first themes and the initial mood of the piece returns and ends it with a whisper.
Six Variations on a Theme by Milan – Joaquin Nin-Culmell (1908-2004)
Joaquin Nin-Culmell was a Cuban-Spanish composer, internationally recognized concert pianist, and emeritus professor at University of California, Berkeley. This piece is generally light in character, interrupted only briefly with the second variation in the parallel minor (d minor). The fifth variation is simple and beautiful, presented in B flat major followed by the sixth which adds some colorful twentieth century harmonies.
INTERMISSION
Variations On La Folia and Minuet, Op. 15 – Fernando Sor
This theme is very old and well-known, with its roots dating back to the 16th century. It has been used by many composers for theme and variation pieces; Giuliani, Ponce, and Rachmaninov to name a few. Unlike the first piece of tonight’s program, this set of variations does not begin with an introduction, but rather starts with the theme itself. Four variations follow, all presented in the key of E minor. A sweet menuet (marked andante) ensues, which has no bearing of the initial theme, and is presented in the parallel key of E major. This is used with great effect, and brings the piece to rest quietly and softly.
Equinox – Toru Takemitsu (1930-1996)
One of the foremost composers of the twentieth century, Takemitsu became one of the first Japanese composers to achieve international recognition. His influences range from jazz, popular music, avant-garde procedures, and traditional Japanese music among others. He also composed extensively for film soundtracks. His pieces for guitar have become standards in the repertoire. This piece is short, written in one movement, and has a free-flowing, fantasy-like atmosphere, with short motives and fragments coming and going as they please. It is a late piece in the life of Takemitsu, written for Kiyoshi Shomura in 1993 and premiered by him the following year.
Sonata – Joaquin Turina (1882-1949)
I. Allegro
II. Andante
III. Allegro vivo
This piece follows the standard three movement format for a sonata. A fast movement, followed by a slow, then fast again for the third. The outer movements begin forcefully, with noticeably similar passages that introduce the Spanish character right away. They also, end in a similar fashion with loud D major chords, and the second theme of the first movement makes an appearance in the third movement, making the piece cyclical. The andante provides a nice contrast with beautiful melodies and a nostalgic character.